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The Manufacturing System On LED Light Lamps
LED light bulbs are built around solid-state semiconductor gadgets, so the manufacturing process most closely is similar to that used in making electronic products like Computer mother boards.
Let's consider the manufacturing steps for a typical LED light bulb meant to replace a common incandescent bulb with an Edison Screw. You will find it is a very different process from the highly programmed processes used to produce our common incandescent bulbs. And, regardless of what you might imagine, people are still very much a necessary part of the production process, and not just for examination and Quality Assurance only.
Once the larger sheets of LED circuit boards have undergone a solder reflow oven (a hot air heater that melts the solder paste), these are broken up into separate small circuit boards and power wires manually soldered on.
The small power supply housed in the body of the bulb goes through a similar process, or may be delivered complete from an alternate factory. In either case, the manufacturing procedures are the same; first the PCB sends through SMT lines, then it would go to a manual dual in-line package (DIP) setup line where a long row of factory workers add one component at a time. DIP relates to the two parallel rows of leads projecting from the edges of the package. DIP components include all built-in chips and chip sockets.
While LED lights burn in many cases longer than incandescent or CFLs and need less than half the power, they need some form of passive heatsink keep the high-power LEDs from overheating. The LED circuit board, which is prepared from 1.6-2mm thick aluminum, will carry out the heat from the dozen or so LED elements to the sheet metal heatsink frame and therefore keep temperatures under control. Aluminum-backed PCBs are usually called "metal core printed circuit boards," and though made of a conductive material the white coating is electrically coated. The aluminum PCB is screwed in place within the heatsink which shapes the lower half of the LED light bulb.
Shell assembly consists of shutting the shell in place with screws. A plastic shell shelters the power supply and hooks up with the metal heatsink and LED circuit board. Air flow holes are included to allow hot air to escape. Wiring assembly for plug socket needs to have soldering wires to the bulb socket. Then shell is joined.
Next, the completed LED , goes to burn-in local testing and quality control. The burn-in test usually lasts for 30 minutes. The completed LED light bulb is then powered up to see if it is working correctly and burned in for 30 minutes. There is also a high-voltage leakage and failure test and power consumption and energy factor test. Samples from factory run are tried for high-voltage leakages, power consumption, and power factor (efficiency).
After a final check with the intention that all the different parts of the LED light are tightly held, then it is packed into individual boxes, and bulbs are delivered.
Therefore, if you have questioned why LED light bulbs are so highly-priced today, this explanation of how they are manufactured and how that compares to the manufacturing of traditional light bulbs should help. However, it also reveals why the cost will drop pretty dramatically over the next couple of years. Just as the cost of production other semiconductor-based merchandise has fallen considerably due to standardization, automation and other key steps along the manufacturing education curve, the same inexorable forces will drive down the prices of LED light bulb production.
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